The Cloudless Sulphur is found across
most of the United States. You will find them in open spaces, gardens,
seashores, road edges and backyards. The male is a beautiful, solid lemon
yellow butterfly with a wingspan of about 2 to 3 inches. The female can be yellow or white and has a
brownish-black border. Both sexes have
two small silver spots on the underside of their wings.
Like most Sulphurs, this butterfly
rarely perches with open wings. Males patrol with rapid flight, searching for
females. The female lays her pitcher-shaped white eggs, on the leaves or flower
buds of either Cassia (Partridge Pea)
or Senna species, host plants. The eggs eventually turn a pale orange and hatch
in about 6 days.
Once the egg hatches, a caterpillar
emerges that is yellow or greenish with a yellow stripe along its sides. Some
have blue markings while others have small spots or wide bands. The body has
rows of short black points. The caterpillar will build a tent in the host plant
where is hides in the day. As it grows,
the Cloudless Sulphur caterpillar becomes either yellow or green, depending on
whether it is eating the leaves or flower buds of the host plant! Each
caterpillar molts about 4 times before
pupating and becoming a chrysalis.
When the caterpillar is ready for this
final stage, it will spin tiny silk threads from which is hangs. For
camouflage, the chrysalis hardens to the shape of a leaf of the host plant!
In about 9-11 days, your butterfly will
be ready to emerge!
Normally, most butterflies emerge early in the morning, just
as the sun is coming up. Its wings will be very small and crumpled, but as the butterfly
hangs to dry, it pumps fluid through tiny veins, into its wings. In a few
hours, its wings will be hardened and dry and the butterfly will be ready to
take flight.
Other Sulphur Butterflies that you will find on your
Partridge Pea, Senna and Clover host plants include: Orange Barred Sulphur,
Little Yellow, Clouded Sulphur, Sleepy Orange Butterfly and Southern Dogface.
Favorite butterfly nectar plants include Dandelion,
Milkweed, Tall verbena, Coneflowers, Lantana, Zinnia, Butterfly bush &
Cosmos.
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What to Look for in Your Sulphur Garden
1. Sulphur Butterflies will find your host plants and lay tiny eggs.
Sulphur Egg
2. Within a few days the eggs will hatch, and your caterpillars will start happily munching away.
Caterpillar
3. Next, your chubby little caterpillars will form a chrysalis.
Chrysalis
4. Beautiful butterflies will emerge to lay eggs and begin the amazing butterfly lifecycle again!
Mature Butterfly
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Host Plants
Wild Senna Cassia Hebecarpa
Partridge Pea Cassia Fasciculata
White Clover Trifolium Repens